Flavonoid-Rich Dark Chocolate Improves Endothelial Function and Increases Plasma Epicatechin Concentrations in Healthy Adults

Original Research Mary B. Engler, PhD, Marguerite M. Engler, PhD, Chung Y. Chen, PhD, Mary J. Malloy, MD, Amanda Browne, BS, Elisa Y. Chiu, BS, MS, Ho-Kyung Kwak, PhD, Paul Milbury,  MS, Steven M. Paul, PhD, Jeffrey Blumberg, PhD, FACN and  Michele L. Mietus-Snyder,  MDLaboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Physiological Nursing (M.B.E., M.M.E., A.B., E.Y.C., M.L.M.-S.), Boston, Massachusetts

Office of Research (S.M.P.), Boston, Massachusetts
School of Nursing, Cardiovascular Research Institute (M.J.M.), Boston, Massachusetts
School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, Antioxidant Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University (C.Y.C., H.-K.K., P.M., J.B.), Boston, Massachusetts
Address reprint requests to: Dr. Mary B. Engler, University of California, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, Suite N631, San Francisco, California 94143-0610. E-mail: mary.engler@nursing.ucsf.edu

Background: Dark chocolate derived from the plant (Theobroma cacao) is a rich source of flavonoids. Cardioprotective effects including antioxidant properties, inhibition of platelet activity, and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been ascribed to the cocoa flavonoids.
Objective: To investigate the effects of flavonoid-rich dark chocolate on endothelial function, measures of oxidative stress, blood lipids, and blood pressure in healthy adult subjects.
Design: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design conducted over a 2 week period in 21 healthy adult subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to daily intake of high-flavonoid (213 mg procyanidins, 46 mg epicatechin) or low-flavonoid dark chocolate bars (46 g, 1.6 oz).
Results: High-flavonoid chocolate consumption improved endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (mean change = 1.3 ± 0.7%) as compared to low-flavonoid chocolate consumption (mean change = –0.96 ± 0.5%) (p = 0.024). No significant differences were noted in the resistance to LDL oxidation, total antioxidant capacity, 8-isoprostanes, blood pressure, lipid parameters, body weight or body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. Plasma epicatechin concentrations were markedly increased at 2 weeks in the high-flavonoid group (204.4 ± 18.5 nmol/L, p  0.001) but not in the low-flavonoid group (17.5 ± 9 nmol/L, p = 0.99).
Conclusion: Flavonoid-rich dark chocolate improves endothelial function and is associated with an increase in plasma epicatechin concentrations in healthy adults. No changes in oxidative stress measures, lipid profiles, blood pressure, body weight or BMI were seen.

Key words: flavonoid, endothelial, cholesterol, oxidized LDL, 8-isoprostanes, chocolate, epicatechin




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Dark Chocolate May Help Lower Cholesterol in Diabetics

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A new study has revealed that dark chocolate may have a significant effect on cholesterol levels in diabetics and may also reduce the chance of heart disease, according to The International Business Times.

Researchers at Hull University selected 12 participants with type II diabetes and gave them each chocolate bars for a period of 16 weeks. Some of the bars were enriched with polyphenols, which are plant compounds found in dark chocolate.

The volunteers who ate the bars with this ingredient were shown to have reduced levels of cholesterol after the study's completion.

This may not be the only benefit of eating dark chocolate, as another study has previously found that chocolate can lower blood pressure, which may make it a very healthy supplement for those with diabetes, the news source reports.

However, the fat and sugar present in chocolate can't be overlooked, and researchers have engaged in a debate about whether the pros outweigh the cons.

Last month, findings from another study were published that indicated dark chocolate may significantly reduce the risk of heart failure in older women, as those who consumed two-thirds to an ounce of it each week reduced their risk of the condition by 32 percent.

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See this vid http://bit.ly/bn4kYs high orac and max amount of resveratrol in cacao http://bit.ly/a1HnZz a anti cancer compound health

Red Wine and RAW Chocolate Compound " Resveratrol " Shown To Prevent Prostate Cancer http://bit.ly/a1HnZz

Red Wine and RAW Chocolate Compound "resveratrol" Shown To Prevent Prostate Cancer

BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Researchers at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) have found that nutrients in red wine may help reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer. The study involved male mice that were fed a plant compound found in red wine called resveratrol, which has shown anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties. Other sources of resveratrol in the diet include grapes, raspberries, peanuts and blueberries. In the study resveratrol-fed mice showed an 87 percent reduction in their risk of developing prostate tumors that contained the worst kind of cancer-staging diagnosis. The mice that proved to have the highest cancer-protection effect earned it after seven months of consuming resveratrol (<--klick for more info) in a powdered formula mixed with their food.  Other mice in the study, those fed resveratrol but still developed a less-serious form of prostate cancer, were 48 percent more likely to have their tumor growth halted or slowed when compared to mice who did not consume the compound, the UAB research team said. The findings were published in August through the online edition of Carcinogenesis. This study adds to a growing body of evidence that resveratrol consumption through red wine has powerful chemoprevention properties, in addition to its apparent heart-health benefits, said lead study author Coral Lamartiniere, Ph.D., of UAB’s Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology. An earlier UAB study published May 2006 in the same journal found resveratrol-fed female mice had considerable reduction in their risk of breast cancer. Lamartiniere said his research team has been pleasantly surprised at the chemoprevention power of wine and berry polyphenols like resveratrol in animal models. “A cancer prevention researcher lives for these days when they can make that kind of finding,” Lamartiniere said. “I drink a glass a day every evening because I’m concerned about prostate cancer. It runs in my family.” Lamartiniere and other researchers say work is already underway to test resveratrol consumption in humans to see what concentrations are needed to convey cancer-prevention benefits. The amounts used in the UAB mice studies were the equivalent of one person consuming one bottle of red wine per day, which is not advisable. Since drinking alcohol in excessive amounts can have harmful health effects, doctors generally recommend moderate red wine consumption, which is an average of two drinks a day for men and one drink a day for women. Lamartiniere’s team included researchers from the UAB Department of Pathology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center. Funding support came from the U.S. Department of Defense and the National Cancer Institute. Add by blogger: 1 xocai X square (6 gram) contains more resveratrol than in 30 glases of red wine! see this article about resveratrol in raw cacao see also the total Orac Fn score from our products Article from:  Troy Goodman (205) 934-8938 tdgoodman@uab.edu Products here.  i left Xocai as a The First Silver in the Netherlands for a better Organic Healthy Fairtrade Healthy Chocolate "Choconat"with a better payplan and more integer leaders and experts in the MLM biz for more then 20 Years. So if you are in xocai and happy don't see this video. Succes With your Xocai Business. Peter Langelaar Follow US     Choconat. probiotica , Choconat. Berry’s , Choconat. Gifting pack , choconat. Brut, Choconat. Boost , If you like to eat the Best Organic raw and child slave free healthy chocolate i do check out my site http://www.xocohealth.nl   http://www.xocohealth.com   http://www.xocohealth.eu http://www.xocohealth.net

Dark chocolate:The resveratrol in cacao helps lower blood pressure and LDL cholesterol http://ping.fm/R5I4R & www.xocohealth.eu

Chocola: wie houdt er nou niet van? zeker als het antioxidant nummer 1 ter wereld is.

 Ik Peter Langelaar ben bij Xocai vertrokken als de First Silver Nederland voor een betere en Organic Healthy Fairtrade Chocolate "Choconat"with a better payplan and more integer leaders and experts in the MLM biz for more then 20 Years.

So if you are in xocai and happy don't see this video.

Succes With your Xocai Business.

Peter Langelaar

Follow US

   

Choconat. probiotica , Choconat. Berry’s , Choconat. Gifting pack , choconat. Brut, Choconat. Boost ,

If you like to eat the Best Organic raw and child slave free healthy chocolate i do check out my site

Chocola: wie houdt er nou niet van? 
Maar gewone chocoladeproducten in de winkelschappen zijn erg ongezond: ze bevatten bewerkte cacaopoeder, slechte vetten, vulstoffen, wassen, conserveermiddelen, veel suiker en dus veel calorieën... 

Xoçai is anders! 
Xoçai (spreek uit als: 'sjoo-saj') is een heerlijke Belgische chocolade, waarvan je gezond en verantwoord kunt genieten. De producten van Xoçai zijn namelijk bereid met 70% pure onbewerkte cacao. Toch smaakt het niet bitter, omdat het is gezoet met gezonde açai bessen en blueberries en rauwe rietsuiker kristallen allemaal biologish.

Xoçai wordt gemaakt van cacao die onbewerkt, ongegist, niet gealkaliseerd en niet verhit is, waardoor alle voedingsstoffen bewaard blijven. 

Daardoor is Xoçai rijk aan vitamines (. B-complex, D en E), mineralen (zoals calcium, magnesium, fosfor en ijzer), en bijzonder rijk aan flavonolen en resveratrol : dit zijn zeer krachtige antioxidanten! 
Ook niet te vergeten de natuurlijke stof  theobromide wat een zeer goede vervanger van codeine is zonder de bijwerkingen.
Deze zijn goed voor je hart, bloedvaten, bloeddruk, cholesterol, bloedsuikerspiegel, weerstand, tanden en je huid. 
We adviseren zelfs om 3 stuks per dag te eten voor een optimaal gezondheidseffect. En doordat onbewerkte cacao antioxidanten bevat die vet verbranden, kun je er zelfs van afvallen

Volgens wetenschappelijk onderzoek heeft gezonde chocolade vele gezondheidsvoordelen: 
• bijzonder rijk aan antioxidanten, die vrije radicalen neutraliseren 
• goed voor hart, bloedvaten en bloeddruk 
• helpt bij de verlaging van het slechte LDL cholesterolgehalte 
• voor soepele gewrichten 
• goed voor de ademhalingsfunctie 
• voorkomt hongergevoel doordat het de bloedsuikerspiegel normaal houdt 
• geeft energie 
• verhoogt de weerstand van het organisme 
• bevordert het (natuurlijk) afweersysteem 
• helpt bij overgewicht 
• voor sterke tanden 
• verbetert de conditie van het tandvlees 
• goed voor huid en haar 
• voor een goede maagfunctie 
• verbetert het geheugen 

Eerlijk product, puur natuur 
Xoçai is een puur natuur product: het bevat géén geraffineerde suikers of zoetstoffen, geen geur-, kleur- en smaakstoffen, vulstoffen, wassen, conserveermiddelen en geen transvetten! Het is glutenvrij en geschikt voor diabetici, vegetariërs en veganisten, en perfect voor sporters. 
Xoçai is ook zeer geschikt voor kinderen. Kinderen zijn vaak dol op chocola, maar gewone chocola bevat slechte vetten en veel suiker. Geef ze daarom Xoçai gezonde chocolade! Ze vinden het erg lekker! 

Xoçai wordt 100% fair trade geproduceerd op een ethisch en sociaal-maatschappelijk verantwoorde wijze. Het bevat géén schadelijke ingrediënten of genetisch gemanipuleerde organismen (GMO) of ingrediënten. 
Xoçai is met recht een uniek voedingssupplement en wellnessproduct! 

Wil je Xoçai proberen? 
Bestel het Xoçai proefpakket van 5€ 
zie ook de site van gezondebelgischechocolade


Of stap in als klant (affiliate) en profiteer van de korting als vaste klant.
voor vragen even bellen naar 0651730991 of mail xocainederland@gmail.com

In het proefpakket zit:
3x stukjes van 6 gram Xoçai X Power Squares 
1x stukje van 12 gram Xoçai Nuggets 
1x brochure Xoçai (Nederlandstalig) 
Video is hier te bezichtigen online via deze link (engels)
Kosten van dit proefpakket zijn € 5,00 (dit is ex verzendkosten). Om te bestellen, stuur een e-mail met naam/adresgegevens naar: xocainederland@gmail.comWil je meer informatie over rauwe cacao zie onze teamsite. Bellen kan ook: 0651730991

http://www.xocohealth.nl   http://www.xocohealth.com   http://www.xocohealth.eu http://www.xocohealth.net